Union Pacific Corporation 2023 Form 10-K excerpts from SEC As of December 31, 2023, we owned or leased the following units of equipment:                               Average   Locomotives   Owned     Leased     Total     Age (yrs.)   Multiple purpose     5,971       1,037       7,008       24.3   Switching     132       -       132       43.5   Other     14       -       14       51.2   Total locomotives     6,117       1,037       7,154       N/A                                 Average   Freight cars   Owned     Leased     Total     Age (yrs.)   Covered hoppers     13,761       9,474       23,235       21.3   Open hoppers     4,846       775       5,621       36.4   Gondolas     6,396       4,492       10,888       23.1   Boxcars     3,389       7,572       10,961       32.7   Refrigerated cars     2,444       1,199       3,643       21.8   Flat cars     2,216       2,254       4,470       32.6   Other     -       371       371       35.2   Total freight cars     33,052       26,137       59,189       N/A                                 Average   Highway revenue equipment   Owned     Leased     Total     Age (yrs.)   Containers     47,439       545       47,984       12.2   Chassis     30,635       17,705       48,340       13.2   Total highway revenue equipment     78,074       18,250       96,324       N/A     19 Table of Contents   We continuously assess our need for equipment to run an efficient and reliable network. Many factors cause us to adjust the size of our active fleets, including changes in carload volume, weather events, seasonality, customer preferences, and operational efficiency initiatives. As some of these factors are difficult to assess or can change rapidly, we maintain a buffer to remain agile. Without the surge fleet, our ability to react quickly is hindered as equipment suppliers are limited and lead times to acquire equipment are long and may be in excess of a year. We believe our locomotive and freight car fleets are appropriately sized to meet our current and future business req